Materials such as oxides, nitrides, and carbides, which are primarily derived from inorganic substances, are referred to.

These modern industrial materials typically possess significantly high levels of corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and wear resistance compared to metallic or organic materials, and they offer a wide range of functionalities.

Ceramics find a wide range of applications, encompassing crucial components in computer memory devices and the electronics industry, including semiconductors, ferroelectric materials, and ferromagnetic materials. Furthermore, ceramics play essential roles in the nuclear industry as materials for nuclear reactors, nuclear characteristic materials, radiation shielding materials, and in aerospace engineering, where they are used in specialized weaponry. Additionally, ceramics hold significant promise in ushering in the third industrial revolution through superconducting materials.